What type of surgery does a tympanoplasty specifically address?

Tympanoplasty specifically addresses the repair of the eardrum, also known as the tympanic membrane. This surgical procedure is performed to correct conductive hearing loss caused by a perforated or damaged eardrum, often due to infections, trauma, or chronic diseases. By repairing the eardrum, tympanoplasty aims to restore the integrity of the middle ear and improve hearing.

The focus on the eardrum sets tympanoplasty apart from other surgical procedures listed in the choices. Nasal reconstruction pertains to procedures involving the nose, retinal surgery deals with the eye's retina, and spinal fusion is a surgery related to the spine. Each of these other options involves different anatomical structures and indicates a completely different type of surgical intervention.